gardenscape from the villa of livia at prima porta c. 30-20 bce

In the English Channel and the North Sea (Oceanus Britannicus and Oceanus Germanicus), the Classis Britannica was stationed at Portus Itius (Boulogne) in Gaul, and later also used the Saxon shore forts of Britannia as bases.Īs Roman power waned in the 4th and 5th centuries AD, so went the Roman navy. The military situations on the Rhine and the Danube necessitated the construction of several dedicated fleet installations for the provincial fleets, classis Germanica, Pannonia and Moesica, but most were attached to the existing forts of provincial legions. Misenum, built by Agrippa in 31 BC, was the main naval base of the Mediterranean, joined by Ravenna, Aleria on Corsica, and other temporary ports. Rome maintained two large fleets, the Classis Praetoria Misenensis and the Classis Praetoria Ravennatis based in the Mediterranean, with smaller squadrons operating on the North Sea, Black Sea and along the major rivers running throughout the provinces. The Imperial navy after Augustus, aside from the occasional conflicts in civil wars, once again was primarily charged with the protection of shipping and deterring piracy. wrap narrative around column 23 times w final deed at topMaybe you need to do some reading, to supplement your thinking. final resting place Trajan at top, St Peter now (statue) The reliefs depicted all aspects of the campaigns, from battles to sacrifices to road and fort construction. The spiral frieze of Trajan's Column tells the story of the Dacian wars in 150 episodes. Here, Roman soldiers carry in triumph the spoils taken from the Jewish temple in Jerusalem. The reliefs inside the bay of the Arch of Titus commemorate the emperor's conquest of Judaea.

Spoils of Jerusalem, relief panel in the passageway of the Arch of Titus.

The Ara Pacis celebrates the emperor's most important achievement, the establishment of peace Augustus sought to present his new order as a Golden Age equaling that of Athens under Pericles.

Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace).

faux-looking marble on plaster textures

late second century BCE/Pompeii and the Cities of Vesuvius First Style wall painting in the fauces of the Samnite House.Click to see the original works with their full license. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through.

Gardenscape from the villa of livia at prima porta c. 30-20 bce